NETWORKING

What is Network ?

Network is a connected collection of device and end point  systems, such as computer’s and Server’s which can communicate with each other.

Common Physical Components of Network

1.      PC

2.      Inter connections

3.      Switches

4.      Routers

5.      WLAN

 

P C   :  The computer serve as a end point in the network that they send and received the Data.

 

Inter Connection  :  Inter connection  Consist of Components that provide a means for data to travel from one point to another point in the network. This category include component such as following

 

A.  NIC:    that Translate computer data into a format that can transmit over the network.

B.  Network Media:  Such as cable or Wireless Media that provide the means by which the signal are transmitted from one network device to another.

 

C. Connector:that provides the connection point for the media.

 

Switches:  Switches are the device that provides networks attachment to the end systems and intelligence switching of the data within the local network.

 

 

Routers:Routers interconnect networks and chose the best part between networks.

 

 

WLAN:  Wireless LAN device:  WLAN device connect network device computers and other end pint to the network without cable. The minimum requirement for the wireless access to the network is an end point with WLAN, NIC and an access point that connect through the wire network.

 

 

Resource Sharing function and benefit

 

1.      Data and Application

2.      Resources

3.      Network Storage

4.      Backup devices

 

 

Network User Application:-

 

1.      Email

2.      Web Browser

3.      Instant Messaging

4.      Collaboration

5.      Data base

6.      Mobile Phone data Application

7.      Peer to Peer

8.      Online gaming

 

 

Characteristic of Network

 

1.      Speed:  Speed is a major of hoe fast data is transmitted over the network a more term precious data rate.

2.      Cost: Cost indicates the general expanse of component, installation and maintenance of network.

3.      Security:  Security indicates how to protect the network is including information that is transmitted over the network.

4.      Availability:  is a major of Probability that the network will be available for use when it is required.

5.      Scalability:  Scalability indicates how well the network can accommodate more uses and data transmission requirement.

6.      Reliability:  Reliability indicates the dependability of the Components that make up the network, such as Routers, Switches and PC. Reliability is a often major as a probability of failure or means time between failure.

7.      Topology: In Network there are physical and logical topology.

 

A.     Physical Topology:  is the arrangement of the cable, network devices and end System.

B.      Logical Topology:  is the part that data signal takes through physical topology.

 

 

I.P Address

I.P:  Internet Protocol

Protocol:  Protocol is the set of rules which define communication over the network.

 

Two types of Protocol

1.      Vendor Specific --------IIPX/SPX, Apple talk(Novel)

2.      Open Standard -------- TCP/IP ---(ieee Invent)

Vendor Specific .

          Windows                                                          Linux

 

 

 

00001010.00110010.00011110.0001010

8bits = 1 octets =1bytes

1024 Bytes  ----1 KB

1024  KB      -----  1MB

1024 MB      -----  1GB

1024 GB       ------ 1TB

1024 TB      ------- 1 PB

Class

AClass  ===   1---- 126    127  =  Loop Back Reserve

B Class  ===   128----191

C Class  ===   192----223

D Class  ===   224 ----239

E Class  ===   240 ----255

 

 

127.0.0.1 Reserved   I. P for Loop Back

 We are using only A, B, C Class

D Class:   Using Multi Casting

E Class :  Reserve for  Research  and Development

 

                          N   H   H   H

Class A   :         10.50.50.50

                        255.0. 0. 0

 

 

  N    N   H   H

Class B   :          108.10.80.80

                         255.255. 0. 0

 

  N    N    N   H

Class C   :          200. 10.50.50

                        255.255. 255. 0