TCP & UDP

TCP and UDP

 OSI Model                                                                                      DOD Model

                                                                                                            (Department of Defence)

                                                                                                            TCP/IP Stack

TCP / UDP

TCP:  Transmission Control Protocol

UDP:  User Datagram Protocol -- - Eg:  Live Streaming Match

Basic File Permissions

Basic File Permissions

In Red Hat Enterprise Linux, all files have file permissions that determine whether a user is allowed to read, write, or execute them.

Basic File Access Permissions

Each file and directory has three user based permission groups:

1) owner (Users)- The Owner permissions apply only the owner of the file or directory, they will not impact the actions of other users.

2) group - The Group permissions apply only to the group that has been assigned to the file or directory, they will not effect the actions of other users.

OSIMODEL

OSIMODEL

(ISO  Invent)

Open System Interconnection

Number 7-1 is called In capsulation

Number 1-7 is called  DE capsulation

WEB SERVICES

Source Port : 33325                                           Source Port : 80

Destination Port : 80                                         Destination Port: 33325

Define Layers

Physical layers :

 

·       Binary Transmission : Physical layers define the electric, Mechanical  procedural and Specification for activating  maintaining and deactivating the Physical link.

DATA  LINK LAYERS :

·       Access to media : Data link define how data is formatted for transmission and how access to the network is control.

NETWORK LAYERS :

·       Data Delivery

1.     Routers data packets

2.     Select best part to deliver data

3.     Provide logical addressing and path selection

TRANSPORT LAYERS:

End to End connection

1.     Handle transportation issue between host

2.     Insure data transport reliability and flow control

3.     Establishes, Montanan and Terminate Virtual  Circuits

SESSION LAYERS:

Inter Host Communication

Establishes, Managers and Terminate Session between Application.

PRESENTATION LAYERS:

Data Representation

1.     Formatting and Structuring Data.

2.     Negotiate Data transferred SYNTEX and APPLICATION layers

3.     Provide CRYPTION

APPLICATION LAYERS:

Network Process to Application

1.     Provides network services to application processes such as Email, File transferred and terminal emulation.

2.     Provides user authentication

 

TOPOLOGY

TOPOLOGY

Layers of Networks

Types of Topology:--

 

1.     BUS TOPOLOGY

STAR TOPOLOGY

Switch or HUB

RING TOPOLOGY

MESH TOPOLOGY

FULL MESH

 

 

HYBRID TOPOLGY

Collection of Multiple Topologies

 

Cabling

CABLING

Three types of Cable

1.      Coaxial  ----- Specially using for T.V Connection

1.      Fiber Optic

 

1.      Twisted Pair

 

 

There are two types of Twisted Pair

(STP)                                                                                         (UTP)

Shielded twisted pair cable                                          Unshielded twisted pair cable   

 

 

 







Straight Through Used:--

1.      Switch to Router

2.      Switch to PC or Server

3.      Hub to PC or Server

Crossover Used:

1.      Switch to Switch

2.      Switch to Hub

3.      PC to PC

1.      Hub to Hub

2.      Router to Router

3.      Router to Ethernet

Simple E.g.:

Crossover Use: PC to PC

Straight Through Use:  PC to Switch

 

Category of UTP

CAT 1.Use for telephone communication and suitable for transmitting data.

CAT 2.  Capable of transmitting data at speed of upto 4Mbps

CAT3.  Use in 10Base –T Network

CAT4. Use in token ring network and can transmit data at speed upto 16 Mbps

CAT 5. Capable of Transmitting data speed upto 100 Mbps

CAT 5e.Use in Network running at speed upto 1000 Mbps

CAT 6.Consist of 4 pairs of 24 gauge copper wire, which can transmit data speed upto 1000 Mbps

 

The History of Network Cable

1.      1973:  Xerox invents Ethernet. (3MBPS)

2.      1982: Ethernet Standardized between Vendors(10 MBPS)

3.      1995: Fast Ethernet EMERGES (100 MBPS)

4.      2000: Gigabytes Ethernet Images (1000 MBPS)

5.      2002: 10 Gigabytes Ethernet emerges (10000 MBPS)

6.      2007: 100 Gigabytes Ethernet emerges ( 100000 MBPS)